Peanuts, or groundnuts, are a staple ingredient in Indian cuisine. They are consumed in various forms, including roasted, boiled, or ground into chutneys and sauces. In many regions, peanuts are a key ingredient in traditional dishes such as chikki (a sweet made with jaggery) and peanut curry, showcasing their ability to enhance both sweet and savoury tastes. Peanut oil is also commonly used for cooking due to its high smoke point and nutty flavour.
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They are a powerhouse of essential nutrients. They are also an excellent source of plant-based protein, making them a valuable food for vegetarians and those seeking alternative protein sources. Peanuts are rich in healthy fats, particularly monounsaturated fats, which can contribute to heart health when consumed in moderation. They also contain important vitamins and minerals, including vitamin E, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.
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Peanuts are a vital crop in India, widely cultivated for their culinary and economic importance. They thrive in well-drained sandy loam and require warm temperatures, making the kharif (monsoon) and rabi (winter) seasons ideal for planting. Farmers often select from various local varieties, including bold, Spanish, and redskin, based on regional preferences and climate conditions. Each variety is suited to different climates and soils. Bold (Large-seeded) is generally used for oil extraction, Spanish has smaller seeds with a higher oil content, ideal for snacks and Redskin is known for the colour of its skin and sweet taste.
Also Read: 5 Unique Ways To Jazz Up A Bowl Of Peanuts
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Planting Peanuts
Peanuts thrive in well-drained sandy loam or loamy soils. Remove weeds, stones, and debris from the land. Plow the land 2-3 times to break up the soil and aerate it. This also helps in weed control. Incorporate organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to enhance fertility and structure.
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Peanuts are typically sown in India during the kharif season (June to September) and rabi season (October to February), depending on the region. The best planting time varies by state.
Use healthy, certified seeds to ensure better germination rates and disease resistance. Plant seeds about 3-5 cm deep, with a spacing of 30 cm between rows and 10-15 cm between plants. This spacing allows adequate air circulation and sunlight penetration.
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Caring For The Peanut Plant
Peanuts require consistent moisture, especially during germination and pod formation. Irrigate the plants every 7-10 days, depending on rainfall and soil moisture. If possible, use drip irrigation for efficient water use. Avoid waterlogging, as peanuts are sensitive to excess moisture.
Weeds can compete with peanut plants for nutrients and water, affecting yield. Manage weeds by mulching: Use straw or plastic mulch to suppress weed growth and retain soil moisture. Regularly remove weeds by hand or use a hoe. Monitor for common pests such as Aphids by using neem oil or insecticidal soap for control. Apply insecticides if infestation is severe.
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Harvesting Peanuts
Peanuts are ready to harvest when the leaves turn yellow and start to fall off, usually around 100-140 days after planting, depending on the variety. Gently dig around the base of the plant to check for mature pods. Use a spade or hoe to lift the plants from the soil carefully to avoid damaging the pods. Once harvested, let the plants dry in the field for a few hours, then remove the pods from the plants and spread them out in a shaded area to dry completely.
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Storing Peanuts
Proper handling post-harvest is crucial for maintaining quality. Remove any debris and dirt from the pods. Store dried peanuts in a cool, dry place to prevent spoilage and infestation. Use breathable containers to allow air circulation.